Rheumatoid Arthritis

Signs & symptoms

Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects joints in the hands and feet, 但是更大的关节，比如臀部, 膝盖和肘部也可能受累. 这种疾病对称地影响关节, 也就是说，如果一只手受到影响, 另一个也会受到影响.

类风湿性关节炎的症状包括:

• 关节肿胀和疼痛
• 难以移动的
• 食欲不振
• Fever
• 降低能源
• Lumps, called rheumatoid nodules, under the skin in areas subject to pressure, such as the elbows

The severity and range of symptoms may differ for each person. 除了, symptoms can affect other parts of the body in addition to the joints.

Diagnosis

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis differ for each person and can be similar to other forms of arthritis and joint conditions. 结果是, your doctor will use a variety of tests to diagnose the disease and to rule out other conditions.

• 病史 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会从你的病史开始. 这包括询问你的症状.
• 体格检查 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会给你做一个全面的身体检查, which will include your joints as well as other parts of your body.
• 实验室测试 你将接受类风湿因子测试, which is an antibody that is present in the blood of most patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, not all people with rheumatoid arthritis test positive for rheumatoid factor and some who do test positive never develop the disease. Other common tests include the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 哪一种表示体内有炎症, as well as a white blood cell count and a blood test for anemia.
• X-rays x光可用于确定关节损伤的程度.

Treatments

目前还没有治疗类风湿性关节炎的方法, 虽然有非常有效的药物. 治疗的主要目标是减轻疼痛和不适, 防止关节畸形和功能丧失, 改善人的机能, 幸福和生活质量.

药物治疗

There are three classes of drugs commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:

• 非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)
• 糖皮质激素
• 抗风湿药物(DMARDs)

Medications relieve symptoms and work to slow the progression of the disease.

物理治疗

锻炼是治疗计划的重要组成部分. Your doctor and physical therapist will help you develop an exercise program to strengthen your joints without stressing them. However, rest also is important for people with active rheumatoid arthritis. Short period of rest are generally preferable to longer periods of inactivity.

共同保护

Canes, crutches or walkers may help relieve the stress and strain on arthritic joints. Learning ways to perform daily activities that are less stressful and painful on the joints also may be helpful. 除了, some people will use a joint splint for short periods to rest the joint as well as reduce pain and swelling.

Surgery

Several types of surgery are available to patients with severe joint damage. However, surgery is not for everyone and the decision to undergo surgery should be made only after careful consideration and discussion with your doctor. 常用的外科手术包括:

• 关节置换 损坏的关节用人工关节代替.
• 肌腱重建 通过添加一根完整的肌腱来重建受损的肌腱. 这种方法最常用于手部.
• 滑膜切除术 发炎的滑膜组织, or the tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and tendons, is removed, 尽管它最终会长回来. This is typically done as part of reconstructive surgery, especially tendon reconstruction.