垂体 肿瘤

迹象 & 症状

垂体瘤患者可能出现以下一种或多种症状:

• 头疼
• 视力减退一只或两只眼睛的周边视力丧失或视力下降
• 复视
• 恶心伴有或不伴有呕吐
• 体重减轻或增加
• 食欲不振
• 疲劳或精力下降
• 关节疼痛
• 增大鞋或戒指的尺寸
• 高血压的发展或 糖尿病
• 心理功能下降
• 头晕

One type of pituitary tumor can cause a woman's breasts to produce milk even though she isn't pregnant and can stop her periods. 女性可能会经历月经不规律或月经不足 不孕不育，而男性可能有 勃起功能障碍，身体或面部毛发的脱落，性欲的丧失和 不孕不育.

诊断

在您访问加州大学旧金山分校加州垂体疾病中心期间, our medical team will ask you about your medical history as well as your immediate family's medical history. 如果您的初级保健十大赌博平台排行榜已经发送了您以前的医疗记录, 我们将审查这些信息.

一定要告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜你目前正在使用的任何药物, 包括非处方药, 维生素, 营养补充剂或草药疗法.

我们将对你进行检查，试图找出你身体问题的原因. 这种评估可能包括以下内容:

• 血液或尿液测试. 这些简单的测试用于测量血液和尿液中的激素水平.
• 心电图(ECG或EKG). 简单，无痛 测试 that records the electrical activity of the heart through electrodes placed on the skin of the chest.
• x射线. 高能辐射 是用来拍脑下垂体的吗.
• 磁共振成像(MRI). 这是一个 非侵入性的程序 它可以产生内部器官或结构的二维视图, 尤其是大脑和脊髓.
• 计算机断层扫描(CT). 这是一个 非侵入性的程序 that takes cross-sectional images of the brain or other internal organs to detect any abnormalities that may not show up on an ordinary X-ray.

适用于可能有垂体肿瘤的患者, 我们还将对患者进行全面的内分泌评估.

治疗

经鼻蝶手术

垂体 tumors often can be removed safely through a neurosurgical procedure called transsphenoidal surgery. 的 word "transsphenoidal" describes the path the surgeon follows to reach the pituitary gland. 这个词来自“trans”,意思是“穿过或通过”,和“蝶骨”,“洞的名字, 蝶窦, 然后穿过到达脑下垂体. 的 operation now can be performed without any facial incision under the lip or in the nose.

的 surgeon begins the approach to the pituitary gland by entering the nose on one side. 的 surgeon uses a very tiny microsurgical instruments especially designed for this particular operation and a brilliant fiberoptic light to illuminate the internal anatomy. 此外，显微镜可以将手术区域放大12倍.

的 surgeon then guides the instrument into the nasal cavity and an opening is made in the sphenoid bone. 一次通过蝶窦, 蝶鞍壁开一个口露出脑下垂体.

的 tumor can be readily distinguished from the normal pituitary gland tissue and is removed, 保存正常腺体. 在外科十大赌博平台排行榜切除所有肿瘤组织之后, the small cavity that is left is treated with alcohol to destroy any tumor cells that may remain. 然后这个腔被密封, 有时是外科十大赌博平台排行榜从病人腹部取出的一块脂肪. 的 surgeon then applies a biological 'glue' that helps seal the pituitary area from the nose and promotes natural healing.

手术后无需鼻腔填充物. 通常情况下，病人第二天就回家了.

有时需要放置脊髓引流管, a tiny tube threaded into the space in the lower back that is occupied by spinal fluid, 在手术过程中. This tube allows the surgeon to remove spinal fluid or inject saline solution into the spinal fluid space. Because the spinal fluid in the lower back mixes with the fluid around the brain and pituitary gland, changes in the level of the fluid in the spinal area can move the pituitary gland in such a way that the surgeon can remove the tumor more easily.

有些病人在手术后醒来时伴有轻微的腰痛, a small bandage on their back and maybe even a drainage bag that will remain in place for 24 hours.

高精度的放射治疗

的 伽玛刀 先进的放射外科治疗是否用于中小型肿瘤, 如垂体腺瘤. 它还可以治疗癫痫, 三叉神经痛和位于大脑深处的异常血管形成.

尽管它的名字, 它不是一把刀，但能射出一刀, 非常精细地聚焦, 高剂量的辐射精确地击中目标, 同时对周围组织几乎没有伤害. 异常测量1.5 inches in diameter or smaller — even abnormalities no larger than a small pebble — are treated with the 伽玛刀.

药物

的 goal of medical therapy is to block the tumor from making abnormal quantities of hormones. 使用特定的药物来控制特定类型的激素分泌.

催乳素的产生由溴隐亭药物控制, 在保持正常催乳素水平的同时减小肿瘤的大小. 溴隐亭也可用于其他治疗. 生长抑素类似物, 比如桑多司他汀, 生长激素分泌肿瘤是否与手术切除联合使用. 这些药物也用于复发性肿瘤. Mitotane (Lysodren) and ketoconazole (Nozoral) are drugs used for ACTH-secreting tumors.