Acute 胰腺炎

胰腺炎的类型

胰腺炎分为急性期和急性期 chronic. Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly after the pancreas is damaged. 它也可能是遗传性的. 慢性胰腺炎 is a more persistent condition that occurs when irreversible scarring of the pancreas occurs.

Most cases of acute pancreatitis are mild and involve a short hospital stay for the pancreas to recover. 大约20%的急性胰腺炎病例是严重的. 病人 with severe acute pancreatitis have an average hospital stay of two months, 然后是漫长的恢复.

Some patients may have more than one attack of acute pancreatitis, 但他们通常会在每次手术后恢复过来. 在最严重的急性胰腺炎病例中, 胰腺和周围组织可能会死亡, 导致休克，有时甚至死亡.

急性胰腺炎的病因

急性胰腺炎最常见的原因是 胆结石 以及大量饮酒. 一些不太常见的急性胰腺炎的原因包括:

• Hypertriglyceridemia, which can occur when a person has high blood fat levels
• Accidental injury or damage to the pancreas as a result of another condition or procedure
• 一些药物的副作用
• 病毒性感染，如腮腺炎或麻疹
• Hypercalcaemia, a condition where blood calcium levels are too high
• Autoimmune pancreatitis, a condition where the immune system attacks the pancreas

急性胰腺炎的症状

Acute pancreatitis is believed to begin when certain enzymes in the pancreas mistakenly start to digest the organ. Acute pancreatitis usually begins with pain in the upper abdomen, where the pancreas is located. 这种疼痛可能持续几个小时到几天.

其他症状包括:

• Pain that can travel along your back or below your left shoulder blade
• Sudden and intense pain, or mild pain that is aggravated by eating and drinking
• 脉搏升高
• A fever
• 恶心和呕吐
• 腹部肿胀和柔软

急性胰腺炎的诊断

诊断急性胰腺炎, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会询问你的病史, perform a physical exam and order blood tests to check for certain enzymes. 急性胰腺炎发作时, your blood contains at least three times more than the normal amount of digestive enzymes formed in the pancreas. 血糖水平也可能发生变化, calcium, 镁, sodium, 钾和碳酸氢盐.

你的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能会进行手术 腹部超音波 检查胆结石和 计算机断层扫描 检查你的胰腺有没有受伤. They may also perform a procedure called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to look for an obstruction in your bile duct. 在这个过程中, 我们要插入一个内窥镜, 柔性管, 从喉咙进入胃和小肠. We'll also inject a special dye that shows up on X-rays into the drainage tube of your pancreas.

急性胰腺炎的治疗

Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on the severity of the attack. The goal of treatment is to reduce the levels of digestive enzymes that caused the pancreas to become inflamed in the first place. 大多数病例经过几天的休息和治疗就会好转. Usually, patients are hospitalized to receive intravenous fluids to restore blood volume and hydration as well as medications to control pain. Antibiotics may also be required if there is an infection.

It is likely that your doctor will recommend a low-fat diet because patients with acute pancreatitis have trouble digesting fatty foods.

手术治疗急性胰腺炎

If complications such as infection, cysts or bleeding occur, you may require surgery. If 胆结石 are the cause of your pancreatic issues, you may need to have your gallbladder removed.

If the cause of the pancreatitis is a bile duct obstruction, we may perform an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). 在这个过程中, we use special instruments to remove the obstruction or widen the narrowed segment of the bile duct.

急性坏死性胰腺炎的治疗

病人 with severe acute pancreatitis may develop a serious condition called acute necrotizing pancreatitis. With this condition, tissue in the pancreas dies and later becomes infected. Several weeks after an attack of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, 坏死组织上可能形成脓肿. UCSF has developed surgical techniques for removing the dead tissue that result in reduced severity of illness and fewer deaths from this condition.