动脉棒

定义

An arterial stick is the collection of blood from an artery for laboratory testing.

选择的名字

血液样本-动脉

如何执行测试

Blood is usually drawn from an artery in the wrist. It may also be drawn from an artery on the inside of the elbow, groin, or other site. If blood is drawn from the wrist, the health care provider will first check the pulse. This is to make sure blood is flowing into the hand from the main arteries in the forearm (radial and ulnar arteries).

操作步骤如下:

• The area is cleaned with antiseptic.
• 一根针被插入. A small amount of anesthetic may be injected or applied before the needle is inserted.
• Blood flows into a special collecting syringe.
• The needle is removed after enough blood is collected.
• Pressure is applied to the puncture site for 5 to 10 minutes to stop the bleeding. The site will be checked during this time to make sure the bleeding stops.

If it is easier to get blood from one location or side of your body, let the person who is drawing your blood know it before starting the test.

如何准备考试

Preparation varies with the specific test performed.

考试的感觉如何

Puncture of an artery may be more uncomfortable than puncture of a vein. This is because arteries are deeper than veins. Arteries also have thicker walls and have more nerves.

When the needle is inserted, there may be some discomfort or pain. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.

为什么要进行测试

Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, waste products, and other materials within the body. Blood also helps control body temperature, fluids, and the balance of chemicals.

Blood is made up of a fluid portion (plasma) and a cellular portion. Plasma contains substances dissolved in the fluid. The cellular portion is made up mainly of red blood cells, but it also includes white blood cells and 血小板.

因为血液有很多功能, tests on the blood or its components may give valuable clues to help providers diagnose many medical conditions.

Blood in the arteries (arterial blood) differs from blood in the veins (venous blood) mainly in its content of 溶解的气体 (氧气和二氧化碳). Testing arterial blood shows the makeup of the blood before any of its contents are used by the body tissues.

正常的结果

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

An arterial stick is done to get blood samples from arteries. Blood samples are mainly taken to measure gases dissolved in the arterial blood. 异常结果可能指向 呼吸困难 或者是身体的问题 新陈代谢. Sometimes arterial sticks are done to get 血培养 (testing for infection) or blood chemistry samples.

风险

There is little risk in having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

There is a slight risk for damage to nearby tissues when the blood is drawn. Blood can be taken from lower-risk sites, and techniques can be used to limit tissue damage.

参考文献

Eiting E, Kim HT. Arterial puncture and cannulation. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 20.

Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M. 样本采集. In: Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M, eds. Clinical Nursing Skills: Basic to Advanced Skills. 9日艾德. New York, NY: Pearson; 2016:chap 20.